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1μK isopotential surface in a TAAP trap.

The horizontal scale is about 10μm.

Time-averaged adiabatic potentials (TAAP) are produced in a quadrupole trap by modulating the magnetic fields both at radio-frequency (1MHz) and lower frequencies (ca. 30kHz). The radio-frequency field induces for the trapped atoms adiabatic spin-flip potentials, also called dressed potentials. The lower frequency (LF) is so low that the orientation of the spin of the atoms can follow the modulation, whereas the centre of mass can not. The atoms therefore see a potential which is time-averaged over the slow modulation.

The above movie shows the adiabatic deformation of a 1μK isopotential surface in a TAAP trap. The movie starts with RF only. Then the LF modulation fields are ramped up. Subsequently, the amplitudes and phases of the lower frequency the frequency of the RF modulations fields are changed in a random fashion. The horizontal scale is about 10μm. All images are full numeric simulations including gravity, RF field projection, etc.

For more detail see our TAAP publication.